里必井田承压水带压开采评估

煤层底板承压水突出是发生水害事故的原因之一,要减少该类事故的发生,需对底板突水危险性进行准确评价。为保障里必井田承压水带压开采的安全进行,基于煤层底板突水研究理论分析,采用常规突水系数法和等效厚度突水系数法,分别对里必井田内3#煤和15#煤的奥灰水突水危险性进行了研究。研究发现,奥灰水对于3#煤的开采影响不大,但在局部构造及陷落柱发育地段及采区东北部区域仍存在一定的突水可能性;奥灰水对15#煤开采具有较大威胁,大部分区域具有较大突水危险性。等效岩层厚度法计算的突水系数考虑了不同性质岩层的岩石强度和阻水能力,计算更接近生产实际,结果更可靠;且在对突水系数法进一步优化后,其评价的结果可以更精确。     

被动湍流控制圆柱驰振能量收集的等效电路研究

为更好的预测驰振压电能量收获机的性能,首先建立了等效电路仿真模型(ECM)并通过实验验证,最大误差不超过10%。采用该方法分析了被动湍流控制(PTC)下圆柱驰振压电能量收集的仿真模型,且该方法可将驰振能量转化系统的质量-弹簧-阻尼(M-C-K)控制方程中各参数用等效电路的电子元件来表示,从而可以分析过往仿真手段所不能解决的直流电路耦合问题。其次,从能量收集效率角度分析了交流-直流等效电路中临界风速(Ucr)随外接载荷的变化规律,及输出电压与功率随不同风速和外界载荷的变化规律。结果表明,交流电路中Ucr随载荷的增大先增大后减小,直流电路中Ucr随载荷的增大逐渐减小。当风速达到Ucr的最大值时,驰振在任一电阻下均会发生。U≥Ucr时,驰振出现锁定现象,输出电压和功率均随着风速的增大而增大。当风速过大时,增长率有减小趋势。输出电压均随着电阻的增大而增大,功率随电阻的增大先增大后减小。相比于交流电路,直流电路的最佳负载由1.1 MΩ提高到2.0 MΩ,同时功率峰值从0.08 mW降低到0.04 mW。     

煤系地层致密砂岩气甜点区地震逐级预测——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘下二叠统山西组2~3亚段为例

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部下二叠统山西组2~3亚段(以下简称山2~3亚段)为该盆地重要的天然气勘探目的层,但该亚段储层薄、厚度变化快、非均质性强,储层预测和勘探目标优选难度大。为了准确预测该亚段煤系地层致密砂岩气甜点区、提高天然气勘探成功率,针对该套储层的特征和预测难点,提出了90°相移技术识别河道外形、模型约束波阻抗反演刻画砂体厚度和子波衰减梯度属性识别含气砂体的地震逐级预测技术。研究结果表明:①山2~3亚段上覆5号煤地震强反射层,下伏储层地震反射能量弱,加之为稀疏二维地震测网、井控程度低,致使致密砂岩气甜点区预测难度大;②所提出的技术方法通过地震逐级预测约束,可以有效地刻画河道砂体分布并识别有效含气储层,提高了对勘探开发目标预测的精度;③基于该技术方法指导部署的勘探开发目标实钻效果好,地震预测结果横向分辨率高,真实地反映了河道及河道砂体的变化特征。结论认为,采用该方法可以有效地解决二维地震勘探区煤系地层强非均质性、薄储层致密砂岩气甜点区预测的地质难题。     

质子交换膜燃料电池电化学阻抗谱弛豫时间分布研究

电化学阻抗谱技术能够获取燃料电池不同频率阻抗，但对阻抗的构成缺乏进一步解析，难以直接构建精准的等效电路模型进行阻抗拟合分析，而弛豫时间分布（Distribution of relaxation time，DRT）方法不需要定义特定的等效电路模型，即可解析燃料电池不同时间常数的极化过程。针对实验室用质子交换膜燃料电池，在不同运行条件下对其进行阻抗谱测量，并通过Kramers-Kronig关系验证所记录阻抗数据的质量。基于DRT分析方法，系统地解释阻抗谱中各频段阻抗对应的物理或化学意义。研究表明，该电池的电化学阻抗谱主要由3个不同时间常数频段的极化阻抗构成，通过与运行条件相关性的系统分析，确定低频段阻抗为氧气在多孔介质中的传输阻碍，中频段阻抗为与氧还原反应有关的电荷传递阻碍，中高频段阻抗为阴极催化剂层中的质子传输阻碍。为进一步确定DRT分析结果的合理性，采用等效电路模型拟合测量的阻抗数据，辨识的电阻元件参数变化趋势与DRT分析结果一致。     

Evaluation of electrochemical properties of antibacterial ZnO layers deposited to 316LVM steel using atomic layer deposition

The presence of a biofilm can lead to the disappearance of the surrounding bone tissue and, as a result, disturb the osseointegration process. Unfortunately, both in the case of instability of the implant and long-term bacterial infections, there is often a need for reoperation as well as replacement of the implant, which in turn is associated with huge costs, but most of all discomfort for the patient associated with long-term hospitalization. In order to limit this unfavorable process, the physicochemical properties of the surface layer of implants are indicated. Therefore, the paper proposes applying a layer with antibacterial effect on the surface of 316LVM steel used in bone surgery. As part of the work, the ZnO layer was applied using the atomic layer deposition method with different parameters of the application process (different number of cycles at constant temperature). In the first stage, pitting corrosion resistance tests were carried out using the potentiodynamic method and studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface morphology tests using a scanning electron microscope were also complemented. Obtained results may form the basis for the development of more detailed criteria for the assessment of the final quality of medical devices used in the skeletal system.     

New method for determining P‐S‐N curves in terms of equivalent fatigue lives

A new method for determining the P‐S‐N curves is proposed by the probabilistic analysis of the mixed samples that are composed of the testing fatigue lives and equivalent fatigue lives. The equivalent fatigue lives at each level are converted from all the testing data at all the testing levels according to the equivalent fatigue failure probability, where the life distributions are determined by the medians of logarithmic fatigue lives at respective levels and a unified coefficient of variation. Comparison results of the P‐S‐N curves of 2024‐T3 and A356.0‐T6 alloys with the different methods indicate that the new method can determine the high‐precision P‐S‐N curves with different sample sizes of the S‐N testing data, and can save testing time and improve testing efficiency, especially for the situation of large‐scatter S‐N testing data.     

Estimation of Antenna Correlation Coefficient of N-Port Lossy MIMO Array

This paper proposes a simple yet accurate method for estimating the antenna correlation coefficient (ACC) of a high-order multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The conventional method employed to obtain the ACC from three-dimensional radiation patterns is costly and difficult to measure. An alternate method is to use the S-parameters, which can be easily measured using a network analyzer. However, this method assumes that the antennas are highly efficient, and it is therefore not suitable for lossy MIMO antenna arrays. To overcome this limitation, we define and utilize the non-coupled radiation efficiency in the S-parameter-based ACC formula. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results of a 4-port highly coupled lossy MIMO array. Further, the proposed method can be applied to N-port arrays by expanding the calculation matrix.     

Motion control of underactuated linkage robot based on gymnastic skill

In this paper, a reproduction of a swing‐up and a giant swing motion of underactuated robots based on technique of the horizontal bar gymnast is discussed with focusing on an equivalent center of mass (ECM) of underactuated robots and the gymnast. At first, the behaviors of the ECM of the gymnast (ECMG) are analyzed by using a motion capturing technique and an efficient motion of the ECMG for the swing‐up and for the giant swing motion are identified from analysis results, respectively. Next, a partial linearization method, which can realize that the ECM of the Acrobot (ECMA) replicates this efficient motion, is designed and reproduces the underactuated robots the swing‐up and giant swing motion like the gymnast. Finally, an effectiveness of the proposed controller is shown by numerical simulations.     

间隙配合变轨距轮对与轨道间瞬态滚滑接触模拟研究

变轨距技术是实现不同轨距铁路联运的重要手段，我国相关研究仍在起步阶段。基于显式有限元法，建立包含渐开线花键副的三维变轨距轮对-轨道耦合瞬态分析模型，于时域内模拟速度高至400 km/h下的瞬态轮轨滚滑和花键间动态接触行为及其相互影响。模型充分考虑轮轨和花键副三维几何、系统高频结构振动等，引入时变牵引/制动转矩，采用集成库仑摩擦定律的"面-面"接触算法求解轮轨接触和花键接触。假设圆柱直齿渐开线花键，齿数取32，齿侧间隙恒0.1 mm，无激励下模拟结果表明，花键副的存在使得轮轨力波动范围大于传统轮对，例如，400 km/h下法向轮轨力波动幅值增加静载的3.7%。时速400 km/h和牵引系数0.05下，内外花键的径向和角向偏置使得花键左、右两侧各存在1个位置相对固定的承载区，各涉及5~6个键齿，承载面分别为II和I键齿工作面。瞬态法、切向接触应力极值发生在靠近一系悬挂侧的齿根或齿顶部，典型值分别为102 MPa和4.6 MPa，任一键齿的应力极值因不断有键齿进出承载区而波动上升和下降。牵引系数0.3时，左侧承载区消失，右侧承载区扩至18个键齿，相同时刻下的法、切向接触应力极值因承载齿数和总接触面积增加变为89 MPa和5.2 MPa。为变轨距机构中花键的强度和动力学分析及相关设计提供精确模拟手段。     

飞机蒙皮材料在醋酸钾型除冰液中腐蚀行为研究

目的 评价醋酸钾型除冰液能否用于飞机除冰以及对飞机蒙皮材料腐蚀性的影响。方法 采用AutoLab电化学工作站对飞机蒙皮材料在不同浓度缓蚀剂、无缓蚀剂醋酸钾型除冰液中的干湿交替腐蚀电化学行为进行分析，通过扫描电镜观察其腐蚀前后表面形貌及涂层/基体金属界面形貌。结果 无缺陷飞机蒙皮涂层在除冰液中的阻抗模值高达2.78×1010 Ω?cm2，而缺陷涂层的阻抗模值只有1.72×107 Ω?cm2，说明缺陷破坏了涂层的完整性，降低了涂层的阻抗模值，明显加速了飞机蒙皮材料的腐蚀。带缺陷飞机蒙皮试样经除冰液腐蚀不同周期后的低频区Rct存在较大变化，试样在高浓度无缓蚀剂除冰液中的Rct始终低于在低浓度溶液中的Rct；试验初期，试样在高浓度除冰液中的Rct较大，说明此时缓蚀剂浓度较高，缓蚀作用明显；但随着腐蚀周期的延长，Rct逐渐减小，说明缓蚀剂逐渐失效，高浓度除冰液的腐蚀性逐渐增强并高于低浓度除冰液。腐蚀实验后，飞机蒙皮涂层表面和涂层/基体金属界面处存在一定的腐蚀产物；人造缺陷破坏了涂层的完整性，降低了涂层的结合力，甚至产生局部剥离，造成除冰液浸入，在划痕处发生了较严重的膜下腐蚀。结论 醋酸钾型除冰液对飞机蒙皮材料存在一定的腐蚀性，尤其是当涂层存在缺陷时，腐蚀较为严重。